[vc_row][vc_column width=”1/3″][dfd_link_style link_content=”The Situation” link_src=”url:%23delrio” main_style=”style-6″ font_options=”tag:div” text_color=”#1f24c1″][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/3″][dfd_link_style link_content=”Your Goals” link_src=”url:%23role” main_style=”style-6″ font_options=”tag:div” text_color=”#1f24c1″][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/3″][dfd_link_style link_content=”Actors” link_src=”url:%23actors” main_style=”style-6″ font_options=”tag:div” text_color=”#1f24c1″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][dfd_heading subtitle=”” enable_delimiter=”” title_font_options=”tag:h2″ subtitle_font_options=”tag:div”]

Overview

[/dfd_heading][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row dfd_row_responsive_enable=”dfd-row-responsive-enable” responsive_styles=”margin_bottom_tablet:15|margin_left_tablet:15|margin_right_tablet:15|margin_bottom_mobile:15|margin_left_mobile:15|margin_right_mobile:15″][vc_column width=”2/3″ dfd_column_responsive_enable=”dfd-column-responsive-enable” col_shadow=”box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)” col_shadow_hover=”box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)” responsive_styles=”margin_bottom_tablet:13|margin_bottom_mobile:10″][vc_column_text]The Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan is the 37th most populous country globally. It has an area of 652,230 sq km. It is a landlocked country in South Asia. Its capital and largest city is Kabul. In August 2021, the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban overran the country, the latest group to rule in this war-torn country since 1979. Many countries don’t recognize the Taliban government. Concerns over human rights, particularly those of women, the Taliban’s ties to terrorism, and a lack of inclusivity in the new administration in Kabul, have discouraged the global community from recognizing the Taliban as legitimate rulers. Afghanistan is facing an economic downturn after the Taliban took over. The country has a GDP of 2000$ per capita and is facing rapid inflation, just as well as currency depreciation. Afghans are also facing one of the worst humanitarian disasters in their history. Over 22 million people, more than half the country’s population, are facing crisis levels of hunger. The majority of them are unable to guarantee when their next meal will be, according to the U.N. World Food Program. Moreover, since the Taliban came to power, the international community has imposed economic sanctions and cut off development support. Afghans are therefore stuck in a vortex of poverty, hunger, and despair.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/3″][dfd_info_banner style=”style-23″ img_width=”800″ img_height=”800″ title=”” subtitle=”” banner_content=”” image=”9454″ title_font_options=”tag:div” subtitle_font_options=”tag:div” font_options=”tag:div”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_section el_id=”delrio”][vc_row][vc_column][dfd_spacer screen_wide_spacer_size=”60″ screen_normal_resolution=”1024″ screen_tablet_resolution=”800″ screen_mobile_resolution=”480″][dfd_heading subtitle=”” enable_delimiter=”” title_font_options=”tag:h2″ subtitle_font_options=”tag:div”]

The current situation.

The Refugees

[/dfd_heading][vc_column_text]The UN estimates that there are approximately 6 million Afghan refugees, and 700000 internally displaced Afghans.

Some Afghan refugees begin their journey in Pakistan or Iran and Travel on to Turkey, and end up in Europe. Some refugees stay in neighboring countries, and some move to the USA.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row dfd_row_responsive_enable=”dfd-row-responsive-enable” responsive_styles=”margin_left_tablet:15|margin_right_tablet:15|margin_left_mobile:15|margin_right_mobile:15″][vc_column][dfd_heading subtitle=”” enable_delimiter=”” title_font_options=”tag:h2″ subtitle_font_options=”tag:div” tutorials=”” title_responsive=”font_size_tablet:14|font_size_mobile:10″ subtitle_responsive=”font_size_tablet:14|font_size_mobile:12″]

The Taliban and Sharia Law.

[/dfd_heading][vc_column_text]The Soviet Union had previously also invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to support an Afghan communist government that conflicted with Muslim guerrilla fighters. The Taliban initially drew their members from former Afghan resistance fighters, called Mujahedeen (meaning: those engaged in the Jihad or the holy war), who the United States supported in their fight against Soviet forces in the 1980s. They were joined by Pashtun tribesmen who studied in Pakistani seminaries; (Taliban is Pashto for students). Pashtuns comprise a plurality in Afghanistan and are the predominant ethnic group in much of the country’s south and east. They are also a major ethnic group in Pakistan’s north and west. Amid a country in chaos, the Taliban promised a stable and secure society.

The Taliban rule after the Soviet withdrawal from 1996 to 2001 was based on a strict interpretation of Sharia Law. Sharia law draws on religious practices inspired by the Koran and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. The Taliban prohibited women from participating in public life and getting an education. Women also needed to wear Burqas and were not allowed to go anywhere without a male companion. The strict Taliban regime executed its enemies publicly. Currently, the Taliban presents a less conservative view and interpretation of Sharia law. The new government leaders vow to respect human rights and women’s rights. The young regime strives for international recognition but Afghans and activists fear the Taliban. Since Taliban leaders took over the government, no girls have been allowed to go to school yet. Women must wear burqas, and foreign films just as well broadcasts with female actors are prohibited. Many say this is just the beginning of a much more oppressive regime.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row dfd_row_responsive_enable=”dfd-row-responsive-enable” responsive_styles=”margin_left_tablet:15|margin_right_tablet:15|margin_left_mobile:15|margin_right_mobile:15″][vc_column][dfd_heading subtitle=”” enable_delimiter=”” title_font_options=”tag:h2″ subtitle_font_options=”tag:div”]

To Sanction or not to Sanction?

[/dfd_heading][vc_column_text]Because of the Taliban’s reluctance to accept foreign currencies and the lack of respect for human rights, international governments have imposed sanctions on the regime. The US froze 9.5 billion dollars of foreign reserves of Afghanistan and threatened to keep 3.5 billion dollars as a payment to the victims of 9/11. Afghanistan’s previous Western-backed government had parked billions of dollars in assets overseas with the United States Federal Reserve and other central banks in Europe. Proponents of the economic sanctions claim that it’s necessary to freeze the support to prevent funding the Taliban and terrorist organizations. Opponents argue that the US government is punishing the Afghans with sanctions. The Taliban will not move its position or be prepared to negotiate while its economy is imploding. Some argue that the economic sanctions could cost more lives than the 20-year war. Many Afghans face severe food insecurity, and the economy in Afghanistan is quickly imploding. The country can’t import or export. Because of the increasing pressure and the potentially deadly consequences of the humanitarian crisis unfolding, president Biden decided to release part of the frozen funds in a controlled way. Moreover, humanitarian aid organizations have been trying to raise money.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section el_id=”role” css=”.vc_custom_1632498483344{margin-top: 70px !important;}”][vc_row dfd_row_responsive_enable=”dfd-row-responsive-enable” responsive_styles=”margin_left_tablet:15|margin_right_tablet:15|margin_left_mobile:15|margin_right_mobile:15″][vc_column][dfd_heading subtitle=”” enable_delimiter=”” title_font_options=”tag:h2″ subtitle_font_options=”tag:div”]

Your Goals

[/dfd_heading][vc_column_text]The US government, the European Union, various international organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Association for Refugees and Minorities (ARM), are trying to solve the crisis for the millions of refugees and displaced people, but the numbers have overwhelmed them. Your goal is to protect the Afghans, prevent the refugee emergency from escalating, and find a more permanent solution to the humanitarian crisis.

You will find as you try to resolve this humanitarian and human rights crisis that different players have different objectives. You will need to find common ground to prevent a further crisis and public outcry against the worsening refugee crisis.

Are you willing to jump in and confront the situation? We believe you bring the necessary skills to the table: the ability to hear others’ viewpoints; the ability to analyze your own and others’ positions and goals; a spirit of cooperation; and a belief that everyone can be a part of a solution.

As representatives of one of the stakeholders engaged in the process, you will need to:

-Prioritize your diplomatic goals according to your group’s policy position.

-Identify with whom you will need to negotiate and who might be your allies/opponents.

You will need to learn what the other participants believe and what they want out of the negotiation. Can you help bridge gaps between the participants? Remember, not all groups will agree with your priorities or goals. The objective is to find a solution that advances your group’s goals and priorities. To do this, you will need to compromise and develop consensus to meet the other stakeholders halfway.

You will need to negotiate with other groups and look for ideas you share. Recognize where you can and cannot change your own and others’ positions; identify areas of agreement; and finally agree on a strategy.[/vc_column_text][dfd_heading subtitle=”” enable_delimiter=”” title_font_options=”tag:h2″ subtitle_font_options=”tag:div”]

The Actors

[/dfd_heading][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row one_page_title=”actors” anchor=”actors”][vc_column width=”1/4″ dfd_column_responsive_enable=”dfd-column-responsive-enable” col_shadow=”box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)” col_shadow_hover=”box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)” responsive_styles=”margin_bottom_tablet:10|margin_bottom_mobile:10″][dfd_simple_advertisement style=”style-7″ img_width=”300″ img_height=”250″ title=”USA” subtitle=”” shadow=”permanent” sa_box_shadow=”box_shadow_enable:enable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:25|shadow_blur:70|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.6)” image_effect=”panr” portfolio_hover_mask_background_opacity=”40″ image=”9026″ title_font_options=”tag:div|color:%23ffffff” subtitle_font_options=”tag:div” info_font_options=”tag:div” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fbusociety.com%2Funitedstates%2F|title:USA” portfolio_hover_enable=”on”][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/4″ dfd_column_responsive_enable=”dfd-column-responsive-enable” col_shadow=”box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)” col_shadow_hover=”box_shadow_enable:disable|shadow_horizontal:0|shadow_vertical:15|shadow_blur:50|shadow_spread:0|box_shadow_color:rgba(0%2C0%2C0%2C0.35)” responsive_styles=”margin_bottom_tablet:10|margin_bottom_mobile:10″][dfd_simple_advertisement style=”style-7″ img_width=”300″ img_height=”250″ title=”UNHCR” subtitle=”” image_effect=”panr” portfolio_hover_mask_background_opacity=”40″ image=”9029″ title_font_options=”tag:div” subtitle_font_options=”tag:div” info_font_options=”tag:div” portfolio_hover_enable=”on” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fbusociety.com%2Funhcr-2%2F”][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/4″][dfd_simple_advertisement style=”style-7″ img_width=”300″ img_height=”250″ title=”EU” subtitle=”” image_effect=”panr” portfolio_hover_mask_background_opacity=”40″ title_font_options=”tag:div” subtitle_font_options=”tag:div” info_font_options=”tag:div” info_block_background_color=”#28fff0″ image=”9462″ portfolio_hover_enable=”on” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fbusociety.com%2Feurope%2F|title:Europe”][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/4″][dfd_simple_advertisement style=”style-7″ img_width=”300″ img_height=”250″ title=”AFGHANISTAN” subtitle=”” image_effect=”panr” portfolio_hover_mask_background_opacity=”40″ image=”9463″ title_font_options=”tag:div|color:%23ffffff” subtitle_font_options=”tag:div” info_font_options=”tag:div” portfolio_hover_enable=”on” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fbusociety.com%2Fafghanistan%2F|title:Afghanistan”][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_row][vc_column][dfd_spacer screen_wide_spacer_size=”100″ screen_normal_resolution=”1024″ screen_tablet_resolution=”800″ screen_mobile_resolution=”480″][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][dfd_heading subtitle=”” enable_delimiter=”” title_font_options=”tag:h2″ subtitle_font_options=”tag:div”]

Scenario.

[/dfd_heading][vc_column_text]The international community knows 300.000 Afghan refugees are on their way to the US and EU borders. The many refugees will build large makeshift camps, near the border. The refugees will be forced to live in inhumane conditions until the administrations find a solution to the problem. Find a sustainable solution for the crisis, whilst maximizing the wellbeing of all stakeholders.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]